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System of bilinear equations
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System of bilinear equations : ウィキペディア英語版
System of bilinear equations look like the followingy^TA_ix=g_i for i=1,2,\ldots,r for some integer r where A_i are matrices and g_i are some real numbers. These arise in many subjects like engineering, biology, statistics etc.==Solving in integers==We consider here the solution theory for bilinear equations in integers. Let the given system of bilinear equation be:\begin ax_1x_2+bx_1y_2+cx_2y_1+dy_1y_2&=&\alpha\\ ex_1x_2+fx_1y_2+gx_2y_1+hy_1y_2&=&\beta\endThis system can be written as: \begina&b&c&d\\e&f&g&h\end\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end=\begin\alpha\\\beta\endOnce we solve this linear system of equations then by using rank factorization below, we can get a solution for the given bilinear system.: mat(\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end)=\beginx_1x_2&x_1y_2\\y_1x_2&y_1y_2\end=\beginx_1\\y_1\end\beginx_2&y_2\endNow we solve first equation by using smith normal form, given any m\times n matrix A, we can get two matrices U and V in \mbox_m(\mathbb) and \mbox_n(\mathbb), respectively such that UAV=D, where D is as follows:: D=\begind_1&0&0&\ldots&0\\0&d_2&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&&&d_s&0&\\0&0&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots\end_where d_i>0 and d_i|d_ for i=1,2,\ldots,s-1. It is immediate to note that given a system A\textbf=\textbf, we can rewrite it as D\textbf=\textbf, where V\textbf=\textbf and \textbf=U\textbf. Solving D\textbf=\textbf is easier as the matrix D is somewhat diagonal. Since we are multiplying with some nonsingular matrices we have the two system of equations to be equivalent in the sense that the solutions of one system have one to one correspondence with the solutions of another system. We solve D\textbf=\textbf, and take \textbf=V\textbf.Let the solution of D\textbf=\textbf is: \textbf=\begina_1\\b_1\\s\\t\endwhere s,t\in\mathbb are free integers and these are all solutions of D\textbf=\textbf. So, any solution of A\textbf=\textbf is V\textbf. Let V be given by: V=\begina_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\end=\beginA_1&B_1\\C_1&D_1\endThen \textbf is: M=mat(\textbf)=\begina_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\\a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\endWe want matrix M to have rank 1 so that the factorization given in second equation can be done. Solving quadratic equations in 2 variables in integers will give us the solutions for a bilinear systems. This method can be extended to any dimension, but at higher dimension solutions become more complicated. This algorithm can be applied in Sage or Matlab to get to the equations at end.

System of bilinear equations look like the following
y^TA_ix=g_i for i=1,2,\ldots,r for some integer r where A_i are matrices and g_i are some real numbers. These arise in many subjects like engineering, biology, statistics etc.
==Solving in integers==

We consider here the solution theory for bilinear equations in integers. Let the given system of bilinear equation be
:\begin
ax_1x_2+bx_1y_2+cx_2y_1+dy_1y_2&=&\alpha\\
ex_1x_2+fx_1y_2+gx_2y_1+hy_1y_2&=&\beta
\end
This system can be written as
:
\begina&b&c&d\\e&f&g&h\end\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end=\begin\alpha\\\beta\end

Once we solve this linear system of equations then by using rank factorization below, we can get a solution for the given bilinear system.
:
mat(\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end)=\beginx_1x_2&x_1y_2\\y_1x_2&y_1y_2\end=\beginx_1\\y_1\end\beginx_2&y_2\end

Now we solve first equation by using smith normal form, given any m\times n matrix A, we can get two matrices U and V in \mbox_m(\mathbb) and \mbox_n(\mathbb), respectively such that UAV=D, where D is as follows:
:
D=\begind_1&0&0&\ldots&0\\0&d_2&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&&&d_s&0&\\0&0&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots\end_

where d_i>0 and d_i|d_ for i=1,2,\ldots,s-1. It is immediate to note that given a system A\textbf=\textbf, we can rewrite it as D\textbf=\textbf, where V\textbf=\textbf and \textbf=U\textbf. Solving D\textbf=\textbf is easier as the matrix D is somewhat diagonal. Since we are multiplying with some nonsingular matrices we have the two system of equations to be equivalent in the sense that the solutions of one system have one to one correspondence with the solutions of another system. We solve D\textbf=\textbf, and take \textbf=V\textbf.
Let the solution of D\textbf=\textbf is
:
\textbf=\begina_1\\b_1\\s\\t\end

where s,t\in\mathbb are free integers and these are all solutions of D\textbf=\textbf. So, any solution of A\textbf=\textbf is V\textbf. Let V be given by
:
V=\begina_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\end=\beginA_1&B_1\\C_1&D_1\end

Then \textbf is
:
M=mat(\textbf)=\begina_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\\a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\end

We want matrix M to have rank 1 so that the factorization given in second equation can be done. Solving quadratic equations in 2 variables in integers will give us the solutions for a bilinear systems. This method can be extended to any dimension, but at higher dimension solutions become more complicated. This algorithm can be applied in Sage or Matlab to get to the equations at end.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアでSystem of bilinear equations look like the followingy^TA_ix=g_i for i=1,2,\ldots,r for some integer r where A_i are matrices and g_i are some real numbers. These arise in many subjects like engineering, biology, statistics etc.==Solving in integers==We consider here the solution theory for bilinear equations in integers. Let the given system of bilinear equation be:\begin ax_1x_2+bx_1y_2+cx_2y_1+dy_1y_2&=&\alpha\\ ex_1x_2+fx_1y_2+gx_2y_1+hy_1y_2&=&\beta\endThis system can be written as: \begina&b&c&d\\e&f&g&h\end\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end=\begin\alpha\\\beta\endOnce we solve this linear system of equations then by using rank factorization below, we can get a solution for the given bilinear system.: mat(\beginx_1x_2\\x_1y_2\\y_1x_2\\y_1y_2\end)=\beginx_1x_2&x_1y_2\\y_1x_2&y_1y_2\end=\beginx_1\\y_1\end\beginx_2&y_2\endNow we solve first equation by using smith normal form, given any m\times n matrix A, we can get two matrices U and V in \mbox_m(\mathbb) and \mbox_n(\mathbb), respectively such that UAV=D, where D is as follows:: D=\begind_1&0&0&\ldots&0\\0&d_2&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&&&d_s&0&\\0&0&0&\ldots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots\end_where d_i>0 and d_i|d_ for i=1,2,\ldots,s-1. It is immediate to note that given a system A\textbf=\textbf, we can rewrite it as D\textbf=\textbf, where V\textbf=\textbf and \textbf=U\textbf. Solving D\textbf=\textbf is easier as the matrix D is somewhat diagonal. Since we are multiplying with some nonsingular matrices we have the two system of equations to be equivalent in the sense that the solutions of one system have one to one correspondence with the solutions of another system. We solve D\textbf=\textbf, and take \textbf=V\textbf.Let the solution of D\textbf=\textbf is: \textbf=\begina_1\\b_1\\s\\t\endwhere s,t\in\mathbb are free integers and these are all solutions of D\textbf=\textbf. So, any solution of A\textbf=\textbf is V\textbf. Let V be given by: V=\begina_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\\a_&a_&a_&a_\end=\beginA_1&B_1\\C_1&D_1\endThen \textbf is: M=mat(\textbf)=\begina_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\\a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t&a_a_1+a_b_1+a_s+a_t\endWe want matrix M to have rank 1 so that the factorization given in second equation can be done. Solving quadratic equations in 2 variables in integers will give us the solutions for a bilinear systems. This method can be extended to any dimension, but at higher dimension solutions become more complicated. This algorithm can be applied in Sage or Matlab to get to the equations at end.」の詳細全文を読む



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